When AI is anchored in reality

Olivia Chevalier. Meanwhile. Furthermore, Institut Mines-Télécom Business School ; Gérard Dubey, Institut Mines-Télécom Business School and Johann Herault, IMT Atlantique-Institut Mines-Télécom

Artificial intelligence, as fascinating as it can be, is largely confined to the digital world. Meanwhile, In other words, it does not directly model physical reality. Similarly, Unless you are embarked on an object capable of acting on the world … For example, like a robot for example.

Roboticians. Furthermore. Therefore, researchers in the social sciences explain to us how AI advent makes it possible to change the way of thinking robots. However, In particular, by allowing them to better perceive and interact with their environment.

In a few decades, the new IT methods grouped under the name of “artificial intelligence” revolutionized the automated information processing. However, Some of these methods are inspired by the functioning of the brain. Furthermore, when ai anchored reality new by reproducing its architecture in network of neurons when ai anchored reality and human cognitive processes such as learning.

In robotics, the use of such approaches suggests rapid progress in the empowerment of humanoid robots. For example, The boom in computer vision. Similarly. Meanwhile, based on these new architectures of neural networks, has, for example, made it possible to considerably improve the interaction of robots with their environment, in particular to avoid obstacles and to manipulate objects. Nevertheless. Consequently. Furthermore, a limit remains to the advances of the AI ​​in robotics: humanoid robots still struggle to reach the fluidity and precision of human movements, in particular with regard to beer -on and grip.

Indeed. For example. Consequently, the coordination of the motor functions necessary for movement is not just a mechanical planning, comparable to a succession of blows in a game of failures. Therefore, In reality. In addition. Furthermore, the human movement when ai anchored reality new and, more broadly, the animal movement is based on a complex tangle of operations and interactions when ai anchored reality involving internal components to the individual, such as motor control (the equivalent of AI in the robot), the sensory system or biomechanics, as well as external components, such as physical interactions with the environment.

For example. Therefore. For example, an amateur jogger is capable of maintaining its overall stable gaze despite the irregularities of the terrain and fatigue, by taking advantage of passive properties of the human body (from the plantar articulation to the movement of the hips), reflexes, as well as an engine control of the eye and cervical muscles. Consequently, Our musculoskeletal and nervous systems have thus evolved jointly to meet the challenges posed by heterogeneous and unpredictable environments.

In comparison. Therefore. to accomplish tasks that require continuous adjustment between action and its objective, robots have a limited number of when ai anchored reality new actuators (in other words, engines) and even more of sensors.

In this context of material constraints. For example. can we really hope that when ai anchored reality the computation power of AI and their learning capacities are enough to achieve the motor performance observed in humans and in animals?

The so -called “embodied” approach precisely takes the opposite of the purely calculatory approach by not dissociating the algorithmic. physical components of the robot. On the contrary. it aims to explore possible synergies between the body. control, between passive and active mechanisms, so that a “motor intelligence” or “embodied” also emerges from these interactions. This article thus examines the limits and perspectives of synergies between artificial intelligence, the robot and its environment.

When ai anchored reality new

When ai anchored reality

Towards autonomous robots: two phases in the history of robotics

Rodney Brooks. former Director of the AI ​​laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). when ai anchored reality new has led a research program entitled: “The Cog Project: Building A Humanoid Robot” for years. Brooks distinguishes two phases in the history of robotics research. During the first phase when ai anchored reality (years 1970-1980). research is based on the fact that the robot program contains the data from the environment in which it evolves. or rather where it does not evolve. During the second phase, from the 1990s, research was based precisely on interaction with the environment.

This dynamic relationship to the environment makes it possible to see to what extent the robots are complicated. self-organized, or are self-employed over the history of robotics research. As Brooks says, “humanoid intelligence requires humanoid interactions with the world”. It is therefore a question of developing programs capable of changing themselves according to interactions with the environment.

The second robotics.. how AI systems can make robots more autonomous

The research of the second when ai anchored reality new robotics are therefore aimed at developing a ” behaviour-based robot “(Robot based on a behavioral model), one of the requirements of which interests our words: so that the action of the robot when ai anchored reality is close to ours, we must, among other things, suppose it” not planned “.

It is, precisely, first of all that progress in AI is fruitful. But to what extent can AI make it possible to reduce the gap between the behavior of robots. those, extremely complex, which we seek to make them reproduce? Because AI plays a big role in the design of robots. in the manufacture of materials they are made of. obviously in simulation and modeling, it offers the means of this embodied approach.

One of the main objectives of this approach is the autonomy of robots. that is to say their ability to make decisions and adapt to their environment.

To better understand when ai anchored reality new this point, we can oppose the physicist approach to that of embodied AI. Thus. the traditional approach (also qualified as “physicist”. “objectivist”) does not give the means to know if a machine can to when ai anchored reality feel or to understandwhile the embodied AI approach poses the problem of machine autonomy in terms which would in principle allow to verify this hypothesis of the possibility for a machine to feel or understand. Indeed. considering. on the one hand, that the whole – the body – is more than the addition of the parts (the components) and, on the other hand, than the phenomena that interest us (phenomenal consciousness, understanding, sensation, for example) are the emerging product of this All Immersed in the environment, this second approach offers the means to test this hypothesis.

Flexible robotics (in its bio-inspired version) seems to be more fit than other robotic approaches mentioned above when ai anchored reality new to get closer. to this objective of the embodied approach. Indeed. inspired by the behaviors of biological organisms. trying to reproduce certain aspects, it aims to build robots which adapt to the environment and build their autonomy when ai anchored reality in their interaction with it.

When ai anchored reality new

When ai anchored reality

Another imagination of the relationship between humans. machines

The coupling of robotics. AI potentially foreshadows another imagination of the relationship between humans and machines and the technique to nature than that which prevailed in the industrial era.

Indeed. from the 1940s. cybernetic theory, with the concept of “homeostasis” (self -regulation of the organism with its environment), at the sources of the current AI, was already a thought of the insertion of machines into the environment. The cybernetic association between sensors. signal processing had paved the way for bringing together mechanical intelligence (which can be briefly defined as intelligence when ai anchored reality new mainly. governed by algorithms) with that of living beings in the natural world. The autonomy of the machines was however always thought of the model of the capacity of living organisms to. maintain their internal balances by resisting the disturbances of the environment. that when ai anchored reality is to say by granting priority to everything that makes it possible to reduce. this external “disorder”.

Current research in robotics seem to influence this report by considering that the disturbances of the environment represent potentialities. clean resources which deserve to be understood and apprehended as such.

It is not only a question today of inserting a robot into a neutral environment. already known by him, but of making this environment – unpredictable, often unknown – a component of his behavior. This research is thus focused on the interactions of the body. the mechatronic system with the physical world-that is to say with the when ai anchored reality new contact forces. the process of information processing implemented in the sensitive experience by living beings.

Soft robotics. soft robotics. bio-inspired, embodied intelligence are possible variations of these new approaches and reveal the importance of the role played by AI in the opening of robotics to other issues than when ai anchored reality those which were traditionally its own, by bringing lighting or by raising certain scientific locks.

The new robotics therefore does not only lead to a renewal of interest in the living. The conceptions of the machine which it carries-a machine immersed in its environment. which depends deeply-resonate strongly with the new approaches during the living in biology which define it mainly from its interactions. The new dialogue that is established between robotics. biology thus contributes to rethinking the boundaries that separate the living from non-living.

Therefore, could the embodied approach to robotics make it possible to fill the gap between machine when ai anchored reality new and living?

The ANR-19-Ce33-0004 project is supported by the National Research Agency (ANR), which finances research on projects in France. The Mission’s mission is to support. promote the development of fundamental and finalized research in all disciplines, and to strengthen dialogue between science and society. To find out more, see the when ai anchored reality ANR website.

Olivia Chevalier. research engineer. Institut Mines-Télécom Business School ; Gérard Dubey, sociologist, Institut Mines-Télécom Business School and Johann Herault, master assistant in bio-inspired robotics, Nantes digital science laboratory, IMT Atlantique-Institut Mines-Télécom

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