Aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … After the customs agreement with the United States, who are the winners and losers in Europe?

The announcement of a new customs duties has largely reacted to industry and automotive representatives to beauty products. Moreover, Not all are housed in the same brand. In addition,

A relief for some, a blow for others. Consequently, The new aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … trade agreement between the United States. However, the European Union (EU), announced on Sunday July 27, received a very mixed welcome on the Old Continent. Moreover, In question: the application of “general” customs duties of 15% on products manufactured in Europe arriving on American soil.

But some industries say “Strategic” managed to escape these taxes after long negotiations between Europeans and Americans. Meanwhile, Finally, the vagueness remains for many sectors, such as those of pharmaceutical products, steel, aluminum, or wines and spirits … Furthermore, Franceinfo takes stock of the winners and the losers of this deal.

Aeronautics totally exempt from taxes – Aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics …

As Ursula von der Leyen said. Nevertheless, several sectors will be completely exempt from customs fees between the United States and Europe, according to the approach “zero-to-zero”. Meanwhile, “This includes all aircraft and their components “said the President of the Commission. Consequently, An exemption hailed by the Group aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … of French aeronautical. Consequently, space industries, which sees it as a decision “Good for a balanced industry between France and the United States”according to a press release. For example, For this professional organization. the absence of customs duties will notably allow “Keep qualified jobs in France at all levels of the subcontracting chain”.

This sector is relieved after the threats of trade war that were becoming more and more insistent. Even if he supported the idea of reciprocal customs rights targeting the American planes. equipment, the CEO of Airbus, Guillaume Faury, also declared at the end of May that this opposition was from the “loser-lord”as reported then France 3 Occitanie. Her “hope” of crisis resolution was confirmed. and the sector will continue to stick to an international agreement dating from 1979, which advocates the exemption from customs duties and has enabled European aircraft manufacturers to develop considerably, in particular aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … in the United States.

The automotive sector less affected than feared – Aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics …

To a certain extent. the framework agreement announced on Sunday represents good news for the European automotive industry. The 15% surcharge is, in fact, less heavy than the rate of 30% brandished in threat by Donald Trump. In a press release. the ACEA, the European automobile lobby, praised Monday “An important step towards the appeasement of strong uncertainty” which weakens the sector. The association of car manufacturers deplores the fact that customs duties remain higher than before Donald Trump’s return to power. “Which will continue to have a negative impact not only on the EU industry, but also on that of the United States”she believes.

The rate negotiated between the EU. the United States was greeted in the same way by Germany, where car manufacturers are the most dependent on the American market, noted the economist aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … at the microphone in France in late March Flavien Neuvy. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz also declared that this agreement allow “Avoid a trade conflict that would have hit the German economy hard. turned towards export”.

The French dairy sector relieved. but not spared

Very active on the American market, where they export more than 340 million euros in products each year, the tricolor dairy manufacturers will also lose the change. “The abusive prices of 30% that Donald Trump threatened to us would have acted a very strong slowdown in the export of dairy products “. recalled François-Xavier Huard, CEO of the National Federation of Dairy Industry, quoted by Les Echos. “We had an interest in having an agreement rather than a trade war. even if it is an agreement generally against Europeans “he commented.

“Either the American consumer, and in particular on certain names of protected origin, agrees aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … to pay more. (…) or. on entry -level or mid -range products, we will have competition with other countries which will be much less taxed”he explained in early April at the microphone of RTL, While the United States had just raised its customs duties to 10%.

Hardly struck cosmetic products

After aeronautics, the cosmetics industry is that which exports the most across the Atlantic, with almost 13% of its production sent to the American market. But this sector will not now benefit from any right pass. and is even among the most affected by the change of rules. “On the one hand, there is relief because this agreement gives visibility”told AFP Emmanuel Guichard, general delegate of the federation of beauty companies.

But above all, he confirms bad news. “We made 0% customs duties in January to the United States. now aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … we are going to be 15%”notes this manager, recalling that the United States represents a market of 3 billion euros annually for the sector. Since customs duties are most often passed on to the sale price. European products may be more expensive on the shelves, and therefore less attractive compared to competition. Just in France, “It makes a threat to 5,000 jobs weigh”predicts Emmanuel Guichard.

Small and medium -sized enterprises on alert

According to the Confederation of Small and Medium Enterprises (CPME), the consequences of the pact announced on Sunday “Will be very negative for the French economy and will have disastrous repercussions for thousands of SMEs”. In a press release. the second French employers’ organization describes the framework agreement as “A false good news”and judge that The price to be paid to avoid the trade war with the United States “Gets back the limits of aeronautics spared, leaded cosmetics … reasonable”.

Combined with the drop in the dollar to the euro. these customs duties will make “Access to the American market (…) more difficult and more expensive for French companies”points the CPME. These obstacles should be felt “singularly for SMEs which. unlike certain large groups, do not have the capacity to negotiate ‘Minimum price agreements’ with the American government “underlines the organization.