After obtaining refugee documents in Greece, migrants went to European airports where network members gave them false passports to allow them to win these two countries, police said in a statement.
The group would have organized more than 40 attempts at irregular migration, by invoicing the passage to 3,000 euros (or 4,780 Canadian dollars) per person.
Canada had alerted the Spanish authorities with several attempts to enter Yemeni nationals from Spanish airports with false travel documents.
The police arrested eleven alleged members of the network, including its alleged chief, during searches in northern Spain and Madrid.
The police said they traced flight reservations, money transfers, bank card payments, airport video surveillance images and electronic travel authorizations as part of their survey on this network, opened in September.
The authorities of Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and Great Britain participated in the survey, and the Europol agency of the European Union contributed to the analysis of the data from the phones seized with the suspects.