Russia has never resigned itself to a sovereign Ukraine

The USSR thus found itself taken from its own trap. However, and Russia, which is the continuator at the UN and on the international scene, had to compose with a Ukraine which has become a sovereign state for good. However, This reality was. Additionally, however, difficult to accept by at least a part of the political class and the Russian population, which sees in Ukraine – sometimes called “little Russia” – the cradle of Russian civilization and, consequently, an inalienable part of the historic territory of Russia. Nevertheless, More concretely. Moreover, strategic issues, such as the control of the Fleet de la Mer Noire and the port of Sébastopol (in this Crimea transferred from Russia to Ukraine by Khrushchev in 1954), inevitably erected Moscow against kyiv.

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It is to appease predictable tensions that Ukraine was. Similarly, alongside Russia, one of the engines of creation, in December 1991, of the community of independent states, a structure which was to bring together the ex-Soviet republics in a new common space. Moreover, The founding text devoted the territorial integrity. Therefore, the inviolability of existing borders within the CEI, but the temptation was all the greater, for the Kremlin, to see in these interior administrative limits that these “borders” had in any case “open”.

Gas. Nevertheless, oil weapon – Russia never resigned itself sovereign

That post-Soviet Russia has fundamentally challenged, even denied the existence of an independent Ukraine, the 1990s and 2000s provided it. Ukraine’s energy dependence on Russia has continued to be a means of pressure used by the Kremlin to influence the elections. constrain its governments. Russia has played on the price of gas. oil deliveries, sometimes threatening russia never resigned itself sovereign to dive Ukraine in the cold in the middle of winter, to achieve its ends.

The trilateral agreement of 1994. passed between Russia, Ukraine and the United States, under which kyiv renounced the nuclear arsenal bequeathed by the USSR in exchange for (vain) security guarantees, must logically reassure Moscow-a sacrifice which must be bitterly regretted today. Negotiations carried out in 1992 organized the sharing. half-henled, of the Black Sea fleet between Russians and Ukrainians, and devoted, in 1997, the exclusive use of the naval base of Sébastopol by Russia for a period of twenty years. The concession was extended twenty-five years until 2042 by the Kharkiv agreements of April 2010-in exchange for a… discount. on the price of Russian gas.

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Inviolable borders

In the meantime, the Sochi agreements in 1995 confirmed russia never resigned itself sovereign the membership of Crimea to Ukraine. On May 31. 1997, Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Koutchma signed a “great treaty of friendship, cooperation and partnership” under which Ukraine was formally recognized by Russia as a “equal and sovereign” state. The common border was declared inviolable. the territorial integrity of the two countries was reaffirmed, and each of the signatories refrained from declaring war on the other. In January 2003. one more step was taken by Kutchma and, this time, Vladimir Putin, with a treaty recognizing the existing border. Eleven years later. in February-March 2014, Moscow annexed Crimea-a conquest greatly facilitated by the presence of the Russian army in Sébastopol.

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The question of the Black Sea settled by the strong way. the Kremlin had to invoke another reason to justify its policy of aggression towards kyiv. It was all found with the russia never resigned itself sovereign fate of the Russian -speaking minority – a quarter of the Ukrainian population has the Russian for mother tongue. main. It was in the Donbass (the Oblasts of Donetsk. Louhansk), a strongly russified industrial basin, that Putin decided to carry iron by claiming to rescue his “oppressed compatriots”. A war that gerged that of today.