What does the agreement between Ursula von der Leyen and Donald Trump provide on customs duties?

Cars, wine, luxury products … Therefore, essential sectors of the European economy will be affected by American customs duties by 15 %. In addition, according to the agreement announced Sunday July 28 by the American president, Donald Trump, and the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen.

Turnberry’s agreement confirms that transatlantic exchanges have entered a new era, that of uninhibited American protectionism. Furthermore, Until Donald Trump’s return to power, they were marked by a level of American customs duties of 4.8 % on average.

The framework agreement between the European Union and the United States, however, remains unclear. Consequently, Here is what we know at this stage:

So far exempt from customs duties. Consequently, they will not benefit from particular treatment, warned Donald Trump on Sunday, without however giving more details. what does agreement between ursula Therefore, According to M^me Von der Leyen, pharmaceutical products are covered by US customs duties by 15 %, even though Mr. Furthermore, Trump said. Therefore, during the first exchanges between the two leaders, that he did not want to include them in the agreement.

Pharmaceutical products are the products today the most exported from Europe to the United States. However, for almost 120 billion euros in 2024 (22.5 % of the total exported goods), according to Eurostat.

European automobile taxation drops to 15 %, instead of what does agreement between ursula 2.5 % before the Trump 2 administration and against 27.5 % since April. Therefore, Nearly 70 billion euros in transport equipment were exported by European companies in the United States in 2024. However, The automotive industry sold nearly 750,000 cars there for 38.5 billion euros, according to the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA).

Germany produces the majority of them, in particular of the premium sedans, SUVs and sports from Audi, Porsche, BMW, Mercedes. Therefore, For the sector, Sunday’s agreement is an improvement. Therefore, After the 25 %surcharge, Volkswagen’s deliveries fell in the first half.

The agreement announced on Sunday plans to bring taxes to aeronautical equipment to zero. according to Ursula von der Leyen.

American customs duties weighed heavily in this very globalized sector. Since March, a 50 % surcharge applied on imports of aluminum and steel, flagship materials of aeronautics. And all the equipment (whose planes) imported from Europe had to pay a surcharge of 10 %.

Luxury should not a priori be subject to an exceptional regime, the 15 % should therefore apply.

In recent weeks have seen Bernard Arnault. boss of the French giant LVMH, to dismember European leaders like Donald Trump, to limit surcharge. For LVMH, a customs duty of 15 % “Would be a good result”said its financial what does agreement between ursula director on Thursday. The group thinks can compensate by increasing its prices and optimizing its production, especially in the United States. The world number one luxury has announced the opening of a fourth Louis Vuitton workshop in Texas.

In May. his competitor François-Henri Pinault, of the Kering group who owns Gucci or Balenciaga, had declared that “It would not make sense to have Italian Gucci bags made in Texas”.

Cosmetics of French. Italian brands are also very sold in the United States: in 2024, L’Oréal achieved 38 % of what does agreement between ursula its turnover there. Its managing director mentioned in April the possibility of relocating a share of production.

“Certain agricultural products” will be exempt from 15 %taxation, said Ursula von der Leyen. But no details were provided on Sunday evening. Certain food products such as cheeses and cannery form a major European export post.

No decision concerns wines. spirits as part of the agreement, and the details will be resolved in the coming weeks.

In 2024. the EU exported 8 billion euros in alcohols, including more than 5 billion euros in wine in the United States, its first export market.

France represents about half: 2.4 billion euros in wine and 1.5 billion spirits were sold in the United States (around 25 % of its exports). For Italy, it is around 2 billion euros in exported wine. Sweden sells its vodka in the United what does agreement between ursula States, Ireland its whiskey …

Bordeaux wines, for example, generates 20 % of their turnover. «To 10 % or 15 % [de droits de douane]we will find solutions “explained Philippe Tapie, president of Bordeaux Trading, before Sunday’s announcement. But “At 30 %, no. It’s the end of the story “he feared.

American steel. aluminum, hitherto protected by 50 % customs duties on competing products entering the country, even from Canada and Mexico, could be the subject of separate negotiations. The agreement concluded on Sunday did not decide on this question.

The European Union is also committed within the framework of this agreement to make strategic purchases worth $ 750 billion (around 640 billion euros). covering oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG), nuclear, fuels and flea, during Donald Trump’s mandate.

However, the European what does agreement between ursula Commission has no real powers in these areas. It cannot place orders on the oil and gas markets. If they result in an increase in American liquefied natural gas purchases, these promises could also jeopardize European climatic ambitions. The Commission cannot make investments instead of companies either.

The EU also undertook to invest over this period 600 billion dollars in the United States. to buy US military equipment for some ” hundred billions of dollars ” , selon Donald Trump.

The European Union had given its green what does agreement between ursula light on Thursday. July 24, to a series of commercial retaliation measures targeting the United States. This answer. quantified at 93 billion euros, was to apply from August 7 if no agreement was reached with Washington on the issue of customs duties. For the moment, these countermeasures will therefore not be applied.