what we know, on the eve of the deadline

Less than twenty-four hours from the entry into force of customs duties on imports in the United States. Consequently, the American president, Donald Trump, defended his policy again on Thursday, July 31, while many countries are trying to snatch trade agreements in the final stretch.

Here is what we know at this stage:

• End of discussions Friday – What we know, eve deadline

A number of surcharge should be applied from 1^is August to most of the trade partners of the United States. However, some, some, sectoral, very heavy, like the 50 % planned on copper. Consequently, And, this time, the Trump administration assured that there would be no new postponement. Furthermore, “Everything will be done on Friday”assured the secretary of commerce on Thursday. However, Howard Lutnick, declaring: ” These rates will no what we know, eve deadline longer be subject to discussion after [vendredi]. For example, »

For around 80 countries. However, including twenty-seven, customs duties applied to their products should therefore increase on Friday, to be between 11 % and 50 %, depending on the origin of the products. Therefore, But most of these agreements actually concern negotiation frameworks, not the formal texts signed. However, The White House showing itself voluntarily blurred, to highlight its successes.

• Seven agreements found until then – What we know, eve deadline

The United Kingdom And the United States concluded the first agreement in May. Similarly, providing for the reduction of what we know, eve deadline 27.5 % to 10 % of customs duties on cars. Similarly, the rest of the British manufactured products imports, as well as an exemption from rights to the aerospace sector. However, London. Furthermore, which is still negotiating exemptions for steel and aluminum, has agreed, in return, to open its market to American ethanol and beef more.

Vietnam heard in early July with the United States on a surcharge of 20 %. Nevertheless, not 46 % as initially programmed, while the latter constitute its main export market, especially for textiles and shoes. The agreement. however, provides for doubling the rate at 40 % for products designed elsewhere and which only transit through Vietnam by so -called transhipment methods.

The framework agreement found with Indonesia In mid-July forecast customs duties of 19 % on Indonesian products imported into the United States. far from the threat of 32 % what we know, eve deadline a brandy time. According to Washington. Jakarta has agreed to provide almost all of American customs duties and recognize American standards for vehicles or pharmaceutical products.

The European Union (EU). Washington concluded on Sunday, during a meeting in Scotland between Donald Trump and Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, an imposing framework agreement Customs duties of 15 % on most imported European products – much lower than the threat of 30 %, despite the criticisms formulated in particular in France. The agreement exempts from aeronautical equipment. while “Certain agricultural products” will be exempt what we know, eve deadline from taxation at 15 %, without more details having yet been given. Negotiations continue for certain sectors in an attempt to obtain new exemptions. while the EU is committed to carrying out for $ 750 billion (656 billion euros) of energy purchases and 600 billion additional investments in the United States.

Japan Also concluded on Tuesday a trade agreement with the Trump administration. which includes in particular 15 % customs surcharge on Japanese products imported into the United States, while the country was threatened with a 25 % increase.

According to what we know, eve deadline the agreement also announced Tuesday. The Philippines have already heard with the White House, with the key to lower surcharges than those which were initially announced: customs duties were set at 19 %, against 20 % announced in early July.

South Korea. Washington key ally in security, managed to snatch in extremis on Thursday, A 15 % agreement for its exports to the United States, is much less than the 25 % that Donald Trump had previously threatened to impose. The South Korean presidency said that customs duties on cars, one of Seoul’s main export products, would remain 15 %.

What we know. eve deadline – What we know, eve deadline

Political surcharges against Brazil and India

Donald Trump uses these customs duties as a means of economic pressure but also political. THE Brazil should be the most affected country. with 50 % surcharge imposed by the United States in retaliation for the prosecution engaged against its ex-president Jair Bolsonaro, accused of an attempted coup after his defeat in the presidential election of 2022. The tenant of the White House signed a decree in this sense on Wednesday, effective from August 6. According to the decree. the surcharge is justified by “The unusual and extraordinary threat constituted by Brazil for national security, economics and foreign policy of the United States”.

The customs surcharge inflicted by Brazil in the United States is “Unjust”but the situation is « plus favorable » That planned for exemptions for certain products. what we know, eve deadline however, said on Thursday the Minister of Finance of the South American country. Minister Fernando Haddad announced that he was going to talk soon with his American counterpart. the secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent. “There will be a cycle of negotiations”he added, without mentioning a date.

Concerning theIndeMr. Trump. in addition to 25 %customs duties, also announced on Wednesday a “Penalty” Not specified for Russian weapons and energy purchases by New Delhi. “It doesn’t matter what India does with Russia. They can sink their dead savings together. for what it matters to me ”wrote the president on his platform, Truth Social.

Canada. Taiwan, Switzerland and pending Mexico

No agreement has yet been reached with the Canadawhose economy is very dependent on its neighbor. And the fact that Ottawa announced on Wednesday its intention to recognize the State of Palestine renders “Very difficult” Any future trade agreement. said Donald Trump.

He had previously declared that he would bring customs duties to 35 % on Canadian products if. no agreement was concluded by 1^is august. The negotiations. suspended in June following the establishment by Ottawa of a tax on digital services, already took place in a tense diplomatic climate, supplied in particular by the provocative remarks of Mr. Trump on Canada as a potential « 51^e US State “.

For his part. Taiwanthreatened with a 32 % tax and possible new customs duties on semiconductors, pillar of the island’s economy, announced Thursday that it has reached “A certain consensus” With the United States, without providing details regarding the agreed rate.

The Suisseshe is still awaiting a decision by the White House concerning customs duties. At the beginning of April. the Trump administration had set the bar at 31 % for Swiss products, and Berne had immediately chosen the negotiation path. The Swiss government signed on July 4 a declaration of joint intention. but which “Requires the approval of both parties”said the Ministry of Finance on Thursday. “It’s in the hands of the what we know, eve deadline United States”said on Tuesday the president of the Swiss Confederation. Karin Keller-Sutter, in an interview with Swiss radio-television (RTS).

While Donald Trump had threatened the Mexico To bring the surcharge to 30 %. he announced Thursday on his network, Truth Social, having agreed with his Mexican counterpart, Claudia Sheinbaum, to extend the customs duties currently imposed on Mexican products.
This amounts to maintaining customs duties on incoming products in the United States at 25 % outside the Canada-United States-Mexico (ACEUM) free trade agreement. as well as specific customs duties on automotive, steel and aluminum.

What we know. eve deadline – What we know, eve deadline

Copper taxed at 50 % and end of the exemption on small packages

Donald Trump has signed a « proclamation » Bringing customs duties concerning 50 % copper from Friday, but only on products manufactured with copper, and not raw metal, which reassures professionals in the sector. This measure is what we know, eve deadline intended to promote the American production of this metal. essential in particular for military equipment and the production of many consumer goods.

The White House also announced on Wednesday the removal of the tax exemption on small packages entering. the United States from August 29. The exemption so far made it possible to send property by a value by a value by a value. by $ 800 without having to pay surcharge when they entered American soil. Small packages will be taxed at the same level as other products from the country of origin. or with a specific rate depending on the type of product and its origin.