Meanwhile,
Economic planet | there too:
(Ijmuid. Similarly, Netherlands) in the Tata Steel factory in Ijmuiden, in the suburbs of Amsterdam, tanks pour fusion steel into long narrow bins where it solidifies to form identical trains of 12 m by 1.2 m.
Posted at 9:00 a.m.
All over the world. However, this steel will be shaped to make it, among other things, anti -foster battery boxes, deformable automobile parts absorbing impacts, preserved boxes preserving food for years.
Very economic planet | there too few companies in the world produce this type of high -end steel. However, Tata faces the same dilemma as all other steelmakers: global production exceeds demand.
According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the overproduction of steel should reach 721 million tonnes in 2027.
The simple solution? Additionally, However, Produce less. Similarly, But no country wants to stop producing a material deemed essential to its economic and national security.
The steel industry has always been a national flagship, a symbol of economic power and prestige. Meanwhile, Steel is at the heart of modern life – buildings. Meanwhile, roads, cars, refrigerators, electronic devices, forks, bolts -, but also at the heart of armaments – cannons, tanks and combat planes.
PHOTO DESIRÉ VAN DEN BERG. Moreover, THE NEW YORK TIMES
The Tata Steel Steel Steel of Ijmuiden in the Netherlands is the second factory in Europe. In addition,
In Europe. In addition, which notes that it can no longer count on the United States for its security, this awareness strengthens the crucial role of steel in the field of defense.
A strategic material
“Steel is essential to the industrial power of Great Britain. Nevertheless, to our security and our identity as a global power,” said Jonathan Reynolds, British Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, when Parliament adopted an emergency law in April to take control of the last two-for-the-arts economic planet | there too in the country.
No country can produce everything, underlines Elisabeth Braw, senior researcher at Atlantic Council, a reflection group. However, But when you list the products you need to have access to any time. Similarly, “steel is one of them,” she adds.
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Tata Steel recycled scrap tanks from Ijmuiden
Over the past decade, cheap Chinese steel has changed the world market. The huge steel park of the country. built with the support of the state and exempt from European environmental standards, produces more steel and aluminum than the rest of economic planet | there too the world together. With the slowdown in the Chinese economy, an even greater quantity of these metals is exported at broken prices.
Cheaper than bottled water
Hence a drop in prices, profits and employment. In the kilo, steel costs less than bottled water. Less profits mean less investment in new green technologies. essential to achieve the climatic objectives of the European Union, warned the OECD in May.
PHOTO DESIRÉ VAN DEN BERG. THE NEW YORK TIMES
Coal-fourtene to the steel complex Tata Steel of Ijmuiden, which will be converted to natural gas and green hydrogen in a few years
The European Union imposes commercial sanctions to counter the dumping of Chinese steel industry. But braded Chinese steel flows into countries that traditionally were not exporters of steel. such as South Korea and Japan, who also react by seeking markets elsewhere.
“It is a domino effect,” notes Lucia Sali, spokesperson for the European Steel Association.
And now. in addition to the high cost of energy and labor, the aging of technologies and Chinese competition, there are American customs duties. Donald Trump imposed customs duties of 50 % in June on almost all of steel. aluminum imported, multiplying by two those announced in March. He wants to stimulate production in the United States.
His customs duties threaten not only to slash the steel exports that Europe can sell in the United States. but economic planet | there too they will also encourage other steel producers in the world to redirect their exports to Europe. This means more competition for European steelmakers.
The United Kingdom seems better loti than other countries. Trump exempted British steel from additional customs duties of 25 % on steel and aluminum and agreed to abolish the remaining 25 % later.
Nevertheless, the old stews of the United Kingdom are struggling to survive.
On April 12, the government took control of the British Steel complex in Scantorpe, an industrial city in northern England. The Chinese Jingye, owner of the factory, had threatened to close it, invoking losses of 700,000 pounds per day (1.3 million CAN). Its two coal-forces are the last of the country to produce virgin steel (from iron ore, not scrap).
PHOTO DARREN STAPLES. ARCHIVES REUTERS
A worker from the blast furnaces of the British Steel factory in Scanthorpe, in northern England. The British government has taken control of the factory, owned by Chinese Jingye, and could nationalize it.
London London also bombarded the Indian Tata Steel. its large steelworks of Port Talbot, in Wales, by granting her a subsidy of 500 million pounds to switch to an electric, more ecological arc oven, which melts recycled steel.
In the Netherlands, Ijmuid’s Tata Steel factory is in better posture. The vast site – the equivalent of 1100 soccer courts – is one of the country’s largest industrial employers. By economic planet | there too its size, steelworks is the second in Europe.
The landscape is dominated by high fireplaces. heaps of iron and coal ore, an astonishing contrast with the public beach, right next. Tata Steel plans to replace coal with green hydrogen. natural gas by 2030 and negotiates with the Dutch government to obtain subsidies.
PHOTO DESIRÉ VAN DEN BERG. THE NEW YORK TIMES
From Wijk Aan Zee beach, near Ijmuiden, in the Netherlands, you can see the chimneys of the Tata Steel factory beyond the dunes.
The company continues to invest in the next generation of workers, welcoming 150 to 200 people economic planet | there too each year in its training center.
But everything is not rosy. Furthermore, The Dutch state is in conflict with Tata Steel before the courts about fines. the potential closure of a coke oven because of its toxic emissions. Transition to cleaner technologies will cost billions and will take time.
Currently. steel produces from green hydrogen in electrical arc ovens and other more ecological production methods emits much less greenhouse gases, but costs 30 to 60 % more than conventional production.
PHOTO DESIRÉ VAN DEN BERG. THE NEW YORK TIMES
Musional scrap tank in the Tata Steel factory in Ijmuiden, in the Netherlands
And then there are customs duties. TATA says that 12 % of its sales are “linked to the United States”. that it has passed on most of the customs duties of 25 % that came into force in March on its American customers, including Ford Motor, Chrysler, Caterpillar and Duracell.
However, the company added that it feared that with customs duties of 50 %, “our steel will become too expensive”.
This article was published in the New York Times.
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