Similarly,
Global warming: towards more uninhabitable new: However. Nevertheless,
Global warming: towards more uninhabitable:
Climate change
Heat may make many accommodation uninhabitable – Global warming: towards more uninhabitable
In Switzerland. Consequently, buildings are designed for winter, but summers will soon be the biggest challenge. For example, The Confederation relies on pragmatic solutions.
On heat waves, heat accumulates in homes. Consequently, The vegetation brings a little freshness.
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- In the coming decades, a large part of the Swiss dwellings will become uninhabitable due to heat.
- In urban centers, housing may experience more than a thousand hours of overheating per year by 2060.
- The Confederation global warming: towards more uninhabitable is studying new cooling methods, such as topmatical topics or portable devices.
During a heat wave, a well -insulated and north -oriented room allows you to sleep in the fridge. Moreover, But soon, many people will no longer have this chance. For example. Therefore, Indeed, in the decades to global warming: towards more uninhabitable new come, a large part of the Swiss dwellings will become uninhabitable due to heat. Nevertheless, The number of days of heat wavewhere the temperature exceeds 30 degrees, has already quintuplet in the past twenty years. For example, In cities like Zurich. However, one could count, by the end of the century, up to fifty days of heat wave per year. Therefore, To this would be added 45 tropical nightswhere the thermometer does not descend below 20 degrees.
These forecasts may rejoice in the heat lovers. However. Furthermore, when the global warming: towards more uninhabitable interior temperature exceeds 24 degrees, the mortality rate increase significantly and the quality of sleep deteriorates. Meanwhile, In offices, employee productivity reaches its maximum at 21 degrees, then decreases with each additional degree.
The need to intervene on Swiss housing has global warming: towards more uninhabitable new been known since 2017. Therefore, At the time. In addition, a simulation carried out on a building Minergie Modern in Basel had highlighted the extent of the problem. Meanwhile, In 1990, there were only twenty-seven hours of overheating per year. Meanwhile. In addition, For 2060, theFederal Energy Office (Ofen) provides, according to the scenarios, between two hundred and seven and more than nine hundred. Consequently, These simulations on the warming of interior spaces were made by the Haute École de Lucerne (HSLU).
Global warming: towards more uninhabitable new
Global warming: towards more uninhabitable
Overheating hours
In Switzerland. Nevertheless, the calculation of global warming: towards more uninhabitable overheating hours is based on the summer comfort threshold. For example, As soon as the interior temperature exceeds 26 degrees, the part is no longer considered pleasant. Consequently, The construction standard fixes the limit to global warming: towards more uninhabitable new a hundred hours of overheating per year for new buildings. However, and to four hundred hours for those that have been the subject of partial renovations.
Are Swiss buildings suitable for hot weather, which first affect the elderly and young children? Furthermore, When questioned on this subject, the federal offices concerned explain not having data, for lack of statistics. The Ofen refers for its part to the Haute École de Lucerne.
Switzerland has 1.8 million residential buildings, including nearly 1 million individual houses. Collective buildings have 4.8 million dwellings. According to Sabine Von Stockar. of the Minergie association. the greatest potential for improvement is global warming: towards more uninhabitable found in administrative buildings, schools and homes. Apart from Minergie. which has certified 60,000 houses so far, there is no independent quality control over the interior temperatures of housing.
Confederation ignores how many accommodation will be affected
The question. of heat has long been at the heart of the concerns of client. architects. Construction standards aimed at protecting against summer heat have already been hardened several times, due to global warming. A new revision is also underway.
By operating all the construction options – orientation to the north. insulation of the envelope of buildings. sun protection devices such as the awnings -, the accommodation in the north of the Alps could maintain a pleasant temperature without cooling system.
But these solutions are still little used. underlines Gianrico Settembrini, global warming: towards more uninhabitable of the Haute École de Lucerne. “New constructions are still too often designed for winter. They are southern oriented with large picture windows. ” According global warming: towards more uninhabitable new to him. it is necessary to conceive of the buildings by also thinking of summer comfort. which is possible without sacrificing natural light.
Cooling systems
To design the buildings of tomorrow so as to avoid any health risk during heat waves. the HSLU team. led by Gianrico Settembrini, is now working on the basis of future climatic scenarios, and no longer on historical data. Their simulations. carried out in the event of moderate global warming by 2060. reveal an important need for action in all regions of the country.
The latest detailed climate modeling led by the HSLU is based on a. building entirely optimized according to current construction standards. global warming: towards more uninhabitable Minergie standards. It also incorporates all simple thermal insulation measurements.
With night temperatures greater than 24 degrees in the center of Zurich. the building used for modeling becomes a real heat trap. Without cooling system. it would no longer be possible to limit overheating to a hundred hours, even in the most optimistic scenario. In the worst case, there are nine hundred and twenty-two hours of overheating per year. Under these conditions, no one will want to live in this accommodation in a few decades.
In the center of Berne, Basel and Lausanne, the hundred hours of overheating is crossed in all scenarios. In the most extreme case, we exceed everywhere for a thousand hours of overheating. In Davos, on the other hand, the values remain below this threshold. Additionally, In Ticino, they are already global warming: towards more uninhabitable exceeding it today.
Tenants’ rotations because of the heat
In a complementary study, the Ofen has developed concrete cooling measures. According to this study. in the future. the rental of accommodation could depend on its ability to remain habitable in summer: “A rotation of the tenants is likely if the temperatures are too high.” This perspective sheds new light on the current debate on the savings planned as part of the Confederation Buildings. Cantons’ Buildings Program. Many old buildings will have to be renovated if they still want to attract tenants in the years to come.
There is an emergency. “Given the long life cycle of buildings. it is essential to set up measures today to adapt the housing stock to upcoming climate change,” underline the experts. In addition to the cooling solutions already known global warming: towards more uninhabitable to limit heat within buildings. new approaches must be global warming: towards more uninhabitable new developed.
The study of the Ofen emphasizes cooling solutions that act near the human body. They are considered as pragmatic supplements when construction measures are no longer sufficient. to date constitute the most concrete proposal made by the Confederation. Air conditioners with high energy consumption are taboo in Switzerland. However, on a global scale, their number should quadruple by 2050 to reach 5.7 billion units, according to the International Energy Agency.
Solutions to regulate body temperature
Image Thermography global warming: towards more uninhabitable new of a bed with topmelas. in the climate chamber of the Hslu. The cooling is ensured by the pipes filled with water (in dark on the image).
DR
THE Cooling systems for beds Circulate cool water through surmazes. pipes integrated into a sleeping bag, in order to regulate body temperature. According to the Ofen, they are very effective and offer thermal comfort of a room at 21 degrees. During an experience in a room at 30 degrees. with water cooled at 13 degrees, 11 kg of water were enough to ensure eight hours of freshness. If the water is then used for flush, this does not cause any additional consumption.
Surmatic with system of hair tubes. The reduced spacing between the tubes makes it possible to obtain a strong cooling effect thanks to slightly cooled water.
DR
THE Portable cooling devicesalso called wearables, usually go on the wrist. They have a face cooled by an electrical system, which absorbs heat from the skin. According to the study, they can lower the temperature felt by 2 degrees. During the global warming: towards more uninhabitable day. when the interior temperature is high, they can make hours of overheating more bearable.
THE fans Locally lower the temperature from 2 to 3 degrees during the day. but their effect is limited at night, because global warming: towards more uninhabitable new people are generally covered.
THE refreshing textiles – like nanoporous polyethylene or thermoregulating tissues – improve the evacuation of body heat. They can decrease the temperature felt by 2 to 4 degrees.
The political battle on the type of cooling in which Switzerland must invest is just beginning. Centralized solutions, such as geocooling, are seen as a choice that is both energy efficient, ecological and economic. They are also suitable for new constructions and renovations. This process transfers heat to an existing thermal network or. via a heat pump, in the soil thanks to geothermal global warming: towards more uninhabitable probes. In winter, this stored energy can be used to heat the building.
Ofen stresses that cooling systems acting directly on the body have a strong economic and ecological potential. They could global warming: towards more uninhabitable new therefore establish themselves as an effective solution on summer heat.
Translated from German by Laura Antonietti.
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Global warming: towards more uninhabitable new
Global warming: towards more uninhabitable
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