Furthermore,
Titanium dioxide detected milk, despite:
Titanium dioxide is a compound classified potential carcinogen in humans by inhalation since 20061. In addition, Used as white. Nevertheless, opacifying coloring in food (E171) to its ban by precautionary measure in France from 2020* And in the countries of the European Union in 2022, this nanoparticular and microparticular compound remains massively used in a multitude of everyday products (toothpaste, solar creams, drugs, plastics, makeup, paper, paintings, etc..). In addition, Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of titanium dioxide particles in surface waters2 (lakes. Consequently, rivers, ponds, canals, seas), including those used to produce drinking water3 and feed the pools4in water tables5in the floors6 and in the air7where they join those released by industrial activity8by the erosion of the paintings and varnishes of the buildings9 or by their use as fertilizer in the form of nanoparticles10.
To better assess the impact of this titanium dioxide detected milk, despite massive release of titanium dioxide on living beings. In addition, measure the real exposure of animals and humans, inrae scientists, AP-HP, Sun Synchrotron and CNRS have studied the presence of titanium dioxide in human milk and animals and in infant milk, milk being reflection of maternal exposure and essential food and essential food irreplaceable newborns on which their development and health rests.
Nanoparticles detected in the majority of milks – Titanium dioxide detected milk, despite
The techniques of spectrometry analysis carried out at the Sun Synchrotron. Similarly, the Lariboisière Hospital in Paris, non -destructive, made it possible to characterize the titanium dioxide, to dose the total titanium, to detect individual titanium particles and to determine their size on the scale of the nanometer. Nevertheless, The size is significant because the particles of a size less than 100 Nm are classified as nanoparticles. However, are massively manufactured for their different physico-chemical properties of the larger particles.
The analysis of samples titanium dioxide detected milk, despite reveals the presence of nanoparticles of titanium in 100 % of animal milks (costs. In addition, powder, from cows, donkey or goats, in organic or conventional farming) and in 83 % of the infantile milks analyzed (from the trade, 1is au 3e age**in organic or conventional farming).
Titanium dioxide passes the mammary gland
Titanium dioxide particles have been detected in the maternal milks of the 10 volunteer women living in Paris. Similarly, in the near suburbs, at variable rates, certain women with up to 15 times more particles than others. Similarly, This is proof that titanium dioxide can pass the barrier from the mammary gland.
Thanks to this recent analysis technique, 6 million at 3.9 billion titanium particles were detected per liter of infantile milk. Additionally, Similarly, and from 16 to 348 million particles of titanium per liter in animal milks.
There are other sources of titanium
This inventory of the current contamination of milks titanium dioxide detected milk, despite reflects the level of exposure of newborns. Furthermore, mothers, but also adult milk consumers. For example, Previous work piloted by INRAE had demonstrated that nanoparticles of titanium dioxide consumed via food during pregnancy were found. Furthermore, in the placenta. Consequently, This new study shows that birth does not have a stop of exposure. Nevertheless, with a detection of titanium particles in milk despite the prohibition of E171 in food, which supposes the existence of contamination by other ways than the food route.
The characterization of particles in milk as carried out in this study (size. Nevertheless, % less than 100 nm, type of minerals, crystalline form) should serve as a basis for future studies to assess the toxicity of particle cocktails that have been identified according to the species and the type of milk.
Next works with women living in the Paris region (urban areas being known to have higher levels of titanium dioxide detected milk, despite larger titanium particles) will make it possible to investigate the effects of eating habits. In addition, the use of cosmetics, drugs, and other products containing titanium dioxide on the exposure level.
* ASES ADVICE. In addition, Referral n ° 2019-SA-0036 relating to risks linked to the ingestion of the food additive E171.
** 1is Age = 0 to 6 months (corresponds to the name of the WHO: preparation for infants). However, 2e Age = 6 to 12 months and 3e Age = 12 to 36 months (correspond to the name of the WHO: follow -up preparations).
Bibliographic references
[1] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Carbon Black, Titanium Dioxide and Non-Asbestiform Talc. Consequently, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. In addition, 93. Similarly, Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006)
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/217 of 4 October 2019 amending, for titanium dioxide detected milk, despite the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures and correcting that Regulation
[2] Andreas Gondikas P., Von Der Kammer F., Bruce Reed R. Consequently, et al. Consequently, (2014). Furthermore, Consequently, Release of TiO2 Nanoparticles from Sunscreens into Surface Waters: A One-Year Survey at the Old Danube Recreational Lake. For example, Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es405596y
Azimzada A., Ibrahim J., Madjid H. Nevertheless, et al. (2021). Quantification and Characterization of Ti-, Ce-, and Ag-Nanoparticles in Global Surface Waters and Precipitation. Environmental Science & Technology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00488
Gonzalez de Vega R., Lockwood T.E., Xu X. et al. (2022). Analysis of Ti- and Pb-based particles in the aqueous environment of Melbourne (Australia) via single particle ICP-MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04052-0
Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for titanium dioxide detected milk, despite man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206
Souza Iara da C., Mendes Victor AS., Duarte ID., et al. (2019). Nanoparticle transport and sequestration: Intracellular titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a neotropical fish. The Science of the Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.142
Labille J., Slomberg D., Riccardo C. et al. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from. consumer survey to water analysis. The Science of the Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136010
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[4] Holbrook DR., Motabar D., Quiñones O. et al. (2013). Titanium distribution in swimming pool water is dominated by dissolved species. Environmental PollutionI, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.044
[5] Bäuerlein PS., Emke E., Tromp P. et al. (2017). Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the titanium dioxide detected milk, despite Dutch environment? Science of The Total Environment, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206
[6] Kim B., Murayama M., Colman BP. et al. (2012). Characterization and environmental implications of nano- and larger TiO2 particles in sewage sludge, and soils amended with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental MonitoringDOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EM10809G
Mitrano DM., Mehrabi K., Dasilva YAR. et al. (2017). Mobility of metallic (nano)particles in leachates from landfills containing waste incineration residues. Environmental Science: NanoDOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EN00565A
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Souza IDC., Morozesk M., Mansano AS. et al. (2021). Atmospheric particulate matter from an industrial area as a source of metal nanoparticle contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Science of The Total EnvironmentDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141976
Amato F., Viana M., Richard A. et al. (2011). Size and time-resolved roadside enrichment of atmospheric particulate pollutants. Atmospheric Chemistry and PhysicsDOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2917-2011
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Reference
Rivard C., Djebrani-Oussedik N., Cloix R., Hue-Beauvais C., Kuszla N., Ivanova E., Simon M., Dufour A., Launay F., Gazeau F., Acloque H., Parat S., Poupon J and Burtey A. (2025). Detection of titanium dioxide particles in human, animal and infant formula milk. Science of the Total Environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180040
Titanium dioxide detected milk, despite
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