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The quest to understand the foundations of our universe took an exciting turning point with the recent advances of the Atlas collaboration in CERN. The researchers have managed to highlight some of the rarest disintegrations of the Higgs boson, also known as the particle of God. These discoveries open up new perspectives to explore the structure of the universe. Indeed, it is now possible to scrutinize phenomena which, so far, seemed out of reach. But what are the implications of these discoveries and how do they transform our understanding of the cosmos?
Understand the rare disintegration with confidence
The highlighting of rare disintegration of the Higgs boson represented a colossal challenge. The Atlas collaboration, made up of scientists working at the great collision of Hadrons (LHC) of CERN, has spent years analyzing the data of their experiences. The main difficulty resided in the scarcity of these events. For example, the disintegration of the Higgs boson into pairs of muons only occurs in one case in 5000. Thus, the team had to detect a tiny signal in the middle of an intense background noise generated by other particles interactions.
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To increase the effectiveness of their research, scientists have combined data from phases 2 and 3 of the LHC, thus obtaining a more precise overview. Thanks to this enriched data, Atlas researchers were able to use advanced techniques to eliminate background noise and focus on events showing signs of these rare Higgs disintegrations. For example, for the H → μμ disintegration, they sought a small anomaly in the mass of the pair of muons, precisely at 125 gev, the known mass of the Higgs.
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Innovative methods to improve research sensitivity
The disintegration of the Higgs in a Boson Z and a photon, H → Zγ, posed an even larger challenge. The Boson Z only disintegrates into pairs of electrons or muons in approximately six percent of cases, and photons are particularly difficult to distinguish from particle jets created in other processes. To deal with these challenges, Atlas has developed new analysis methods to improve the sensitivity of their research.
By classifying events according to the way in which the Higgs was produced and by refining their selection criteria, the team was able to obtain a clearer signal. Their efforts have borne fruit: for disintegration H → μμ, they have reached a meaning of 3.4 standard deviations, which means that the result is very likely (one in 3000) to be due to chance. For H → Zγ disintegration, the team observed an excess signal with 2.5 standard deviations, a significant advance compared to the previous results.
A new path beyond the standard model
These discoveries could have large -scale implications. By highlighting these rare disintegration, Atlas collaboration opens the door to the exploration of a physics beyond the standard model. Unknown particles contributing to H → Zγ disintegration could indicate still unexplored physics. It is an opportunity for physicists to review some of their fundamental hypotheses and to explore new theories that could revolutionize our understanding of the universe.
The potential implications are large and could lead to the discovery of new particles or fundamental forces. It is an exciting time for science, where each new discovery could transform our perception of the world around us.
Towards a new era of scientific discoveries
The progress made by Atlas collaboration not only mark an advance in understanding the Higgs boson, but also paves the way for new scientific discoveries. These advances could lead us to a better understanding of the forces and particles that make up our universe. While researchers continue to explore the mysteries of the cosmos, a question remains: what other fascinating discoveries await us in this endless quest to understand the universe?
This article is based on verified sources and the assistance of editorial technologies.
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